Cardiovascular System

Features Cardiovascular System

This app contains followingIntroduction CSHeart, actions of the heart, blood vessels, divisions of circulationProperties of Cardiac MuscleExcitability, rhythmicity, conductivity, contractility.Cardiac CycleEvents of cardiac cycle, description of atrial events, description of ventricular events, intra-atrial pressure changes, intraventricular pressure, aortic pressure changes, ventricular volume changes.Heart SoundsDescription of heart sounds, triple and quadruple, methods of study.Cardiac Murmurclassification of murmurElectrocardiogram (ECG)Uses of ECG, electrocardiographic grid, ECG leads, waves of normal ECG, intervals and segments of ECG.VectorInstantaneous mean vector, degree of instantaneous, calculated vector, vectoral analysis, vector cardiogram.ArrhythmiaNormotonic arrhythmia, ectopic arrhythmia ectopic arrhythmia, artificial pacemaker, current of injury.Effect of Changes in Electrolyte Concentration on Heart Sodium ion concentration, potassium ion concentration, calcium ion concentration, experimental evidences.Cardiac OutputEjection fraction, cardiac reserve, variations in cardiac output, distribution of cardiac output, factors maintaining cardiac output, measurement of cardiac output, cardiac catheterization.Heart RateHeart rate, regulation of heart rate, vasomotor center, motor (efferent) nerve, sensory (afferent) nerve, factors affecting vasomotor.Cardiac Function Curvescardiac output curves, analysis of cardiac.Heart-lung Preparation Uses of heart-lung preparation.Arterial Blood Pressure Determinants of arterial blood pressure –regulation of arterial, nervous mechanism for regulation of blood pressure, renal mechanism for regulation of blood pressure, hormonal mechanism for regulation of blood pressure, local mechanism for regulation of blood pressure, measurement of arterial blood pressure.HemodynamicsMean volume of blood flow, hagen-poiseuille equation, windkessel effect, Circulation time.Arterial PulseCapillary oncotic pressure.Venous Pressuretransmission of pulse, methods of recording arterial pulse, interpretation of arterial pulse tracing, pulse points, examination of radial pulse.Coronary Circulation Variations of venous pressure, measurement of venous pressure, factors regulating venous pressure.Cerebral CirculationDistribution of coronary blood vessels, coronary blood flow and its measurement, factors regulating coronary blood flow, applied physiology – coronary artery disease.
Splanchnic CirculationCerebral vessels and normal cerebral blood flow, measurement of cerebral, regulation of cerebral blood flow, applied physiology – stroke.Capillary Circulationmesenteric circulation, splenic circulation, hepatic circulation.Circulation through Skeletal MuscleStructure of capillaries, pattern of capillary system, peculiarities of capillary, functions of capillaries, factors controlling.Cutaneous CirculationFactors regulating blood flow to skeletal muscle.Fetal Circulation and RespirationArchitecture of cutaneous blood vessels, functions of cutaneous circulation, normal blood flow to skin, regulation of cutaneous blood flow.HemorrhageBlood vessels in fetus, fetal lungs, changes in circulation.Circulatory Shock and Heart FailureTypes and causes of hemorrhage, compensatory effects of hemorrhage.Cardiovascular Adjustments during ExerciseManifestations of circulatory shock, stages of circulatory shock, types and causes of circulatory shock, treatment for circulatory shock, heart failure.Venous PulseAerobic and anaerobic exercises, severity of exercise, effects of exercise, significance, examination of venous pulse, methods to record venous pulse, recording of venous pulse – jugular venous pulse tracing.